How to Improve the Endurance of E-bike Motors

1. Choose the Right Battery
Battery Capacity:
Battery capacity directly affects an e-bike's range. Generally, the larger the battery capacity, the longer the e-bike's range. Battery capacity is usually measured in ampere-hours (Ah) or watt-hours (Wh). Generally speaking, 1Wh = 1V × 1Ah. Therefore, a battery with a higher watt-hour capacity means more energy storage, which in turn provides a longer riding range. Common e-bike battery capacities are 500Wh, 600Wh, or even higher. For example, a 500Wh battery can provide a range of approximately 50-70 kilometers on flat roads, but this range will also be affected by factors such as riding conditions, weight, and speed.
Battery Type:
Lithium batteries are the most common type of battery on the market. Among them, ternary lithium batteries (NCM, nickel-cobalt-manganese oxide) have become the mainstream choice for e-bikes due to their higher energy density and longer lifespan. Compared to traditional lead-acid batteries, lithium batteries are lighter, charge faster, and perform better in cold weather. Choosing a high-quality lithium battery not only extends the e-bike's range but also improves its battery life.

2. Optimizing Motor Power and Current
Appropriate Motor Power:
The power of an e-bike's motor directly affects its range. A higher-power motor provides greater acceleration and hill-climbing capabilities, but also consumes more energy. For regular urban riding, a 250W to 500W motor is sufficient. However, if you frequently ride on more challenging terrain (such as hills), you may need a more powerful motor (e.g., 750W or higher). Choosing the right power not only ensures a pleasant riding experience but also avoids excessive battery drain.
Current Limitation:
An e-bike's electronic control system regulates the motor's output power to control the current flow, preventing excessive battery discharge from high power output. Modern e-bikes typically have different power-assistance settings. Selecting the appropriate setting (e.g., Economy, Standard, or Sport) limits the current flow and reduces unnecessary battery drain. For example, in Economy mode, the motor output is lower, improving range, while in High Power mode, the motor consumes more power, suitable for situations requiring greater power.

3. Improve Riding Efficiency
Use Power Assist Modes Properly:
Most e-bikes offer multiple power assist modes, adjustable to your needs. Using a lower power assist setting can significantly reduce battery drain. For example, when riding on flat roads, selecting a lower power assist setting can conserve battery life; when riding on steep slopes or when accelerating, a higher power assist setting can be selected. Properly utilizing power assist modes and avoiding frequent switching between high-power settings is an effective way to extend battery life.
Deceleration and Inertia Utilization:
While riding, effectively utilizing inertia can reduce the strain on the battery. Avoid frequent acceleration and sudden braking, as rapid acceleration requires a significant amount of power, while sudden braking wastes already consumed energy. Maintaining a consistent speed, decelerating early, and utilizing the inertia of the wheels can significantly reduce battery drain.
Riding Style:
Maintaining a consistent riding speed is another important factor in improving an e-bike's battery life. Riding too fast or too slow increases energy consumption. Generally speaking, a riding speed of 25-30 km/h is the most economical, not only preventing excessive battery drain but also ensuring a comfortable and safe ride.

4. Improve Motor Efficiency
Choose a High-Efficiency Motor:
The efficiency of an e-bike's motor affects the efficiency of electrical energy conversion. Brushless DC motors (BLDC) are the most commonly used motor type on the market, offering high energy conversion efficiency and a long service life. Compared to brushed motors, brushless motors reduce friction losses and improve efficiency, thereby extending battery life. Choosing a high-efficiency motor is crucial for improving battery life when choosing an e-bike.
Reducing Motor Resistance:
The motor's magnetic resistance (especially at low speeds) directly affects energy loss. High-magnetic resistance motors waste significant energy at low speeds, so choosing a low-magnetic resistance motor can effectively reduce this loss. Regular motor maintenance can also help reduce resistance and ensure the motor operates at its highest efficiency.

5. Optimize Tire Pressure and Wheel Rolling Resistance
Maintain proper tire pressure:
If tire pressure is too low, friction with the ground increases, leading to greater rolling resistance and requiring the motor to consume more power to propel the bike. On the other hand, excessive tire pressure may reduce ride comfort and increase riding vibration. Regularly checking tire pressure and keeping it within the recommended range is a simple way to reduce unnecessary energy loss.

Choose low-rolling-resistance tires:
Low-rolling-resistance tires designed specifically for e-bikes reduce friction and provide greater riding efficiency. Low-rolling-resistance tires are typically smoother and tougher than standard bicycle tires, reducing friction with the ground, thereby reducing the strain on the motor and extending battery life.

6. Reduce Vehicle Weight
Reducing Unnecessary Loads:
The weight of an e-bike significantly affects its range. A heavier vehicle requires more power from the motor to propel it. Therefore, choosing a lightweight frame, wheels, and accessories can effectively reduce the overall weight, reduce the strain on the motor, and thus improve range. Lightweight aluminum or carbon fiber frames are generally lighter than traditional steel frames.
Appropriately Reduce Loads:
Extra load increases the thrust required to propel the e-bike, resulting in increased power consumption. Avoid carrying excessive weight unless necessary, especially on uneven or steep terrain, as excessive loads can significantly increase battery life.

7. Regular Maintenance and Care
Battery Care:
The health of the battery directly affects the range of your e-bike. Regularly check the battery's charge and discharge status to ensure it's not over-discharged or over-charged. Over-discharge shortens the battery's lifespan, while overcharging can cause the battery to overheat and reduce range. It is recommended to use the original charger for charging and never allow the battery to completely drain before charging.
Cleaning the Motor and Drivetrain:
The e-bike's motor and drivetrain require regular cleaning and lubrication. Dust and dirt increase friction, reduce transmission efficiency, and thus affect range. Regularly inspecting and cleaning the motor, chain, and derailleur to ensure they are operating efficiently will extend battery life and enhance the riding experience.

8. Temperature Control
Avoid High Temperatures and Extreme Cold:
The efficiency of the battery and motor decreases in environments with extremely high or low temperatures. In cold weather, the battery's chemical reactions slow down, resulting in reduced power output; in hot weather, the battery's internal resistance increases, also affecting range. Try to avoid riding in extreme temperatures. If the electric bicycle is exposed to high or low temperatures for a long time, consider equipping it with a temperature control system or storing and protecting it properly.